3.23 - How electrolysis breaks down a compound
Learn how a direct current supply drives a chemical change in an electrolyte, and how this differs from melting or separating a mixture.
A chemical change driven by electricity
Electrolysis
Electrolysis is the chemical decomposition of an electrolyte using electrical energy from a direct current supply.
Decomposition means breaking down chemically into simpler substances. New substances form at the electrodes. This does not split atoms or their nuclei.
Compare two stages of working with an ionic compound. Heating it until it melts changes its state, while leaving the compound chemically unchanged. Passing a current through the molten compound can then decompose it. Melting makes the ions mobile; electrolysis changes the substances present.
Completing the electrolysis circuit
A direct current (DC) supply, such as a battery or suitable power pack, provides electrical energy. Leads connect its two terminals to separate conducting electrodes dipping into the electrolyte. The electrodes must not touch each other: current should pass through the electrolyte between them.
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