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Foundations: Nature of law and the English legal system
Nature of law and legal concepts
3.1 - Legal rules, sources and the civil - criminal distinctionThis lesson builds the shared foundation for Papers 1, 2 and 3: what makes a rule legal, how legal rules differ from other norms, how to classify civil and criminal liability, and how custom, statute and common law operate as sources of law. AQA success depends on turning these distinctions into...
3.1 - Law and society - rights, interests and faultThis lesson teaches how law operates in society by turning some claims into enforceable rights, balancing competing public and private interests, and deciding when fault should matter. It supports AQA Law success because these ideas are assessed as non-substantive law concepts across Papers 1, 2...
3.1 - Law and morality in a pluralist societyThis lesson teaches the AQA 7162 nature of law topic on law and morality: the distinction between enforceable legal rules and moral judgement, the diversity of moral views in a pluralist society, the relationship between law and morality, and the legal enforcement of moral values. It is routed to...
3.1 - Law and justice - theories and legal outcomesThis Nature of law lesson teaches the meaning of justice, the main theories and types of justice, and how to judge whether civil, criminal and human rights outcomes achieve justice. It is routed to Paper 1, where you relate justice to Criminal law, and Paper 3, where you relate it to your selecte...
3.1 - The rule of lawThis lesson teaches the constitutional doctrine of the rule of law for AQA A-level Law 7162. You will learn the AQA core principles, how to apply them to law making, the legal system and substantive law, and how to use legality, equality, fairness and clarity as precise criteria in Paper 3. The r...
Law making
3.1 - Parliamentary law making and parliamentary supremacyThis lesson teaches how proposed law becomes an Act of Parliament in England and Wales, how Parliament is influenced before and during that process, and why parliamentary supremacy makes statute the strongest domestic legal source. For AQA Law, the aim is to move beyond a loose process story: you...
3.1 - Delegated legislation and controlsDelegated legislation is law made by a person or body other than Parliament, using law-making power delegated by Parliament through an enabling Act. This lesson teaches the three AQA types, why delegation is used, how Parliament and the courts control it, and how to turn those points into precise...
3.1 - Statutory interpretation and interpretive aidsThis lesson teaches how judges in England and Wales work out the legal meaning of statutory words when a dispute reaches court. For AQA A-level Law, statutory interpretation is a Paper 1 law-making topic and a wider legal skill: strong answers identify the interpretive problem, choose the relevan...
3.1 - Judicial precedent and the hierarchy of courtsJudicial precedent is the method by which earlier court decisions guide later legal reasoning in England and Wales. This lesson teaches the doctrine, the court hierarchy, ratio decidendi, obiter dicta, law reporting, and the ways courts follow, distinguish and overrule earlier cases, so that you...
3.1 - Law reform and the Law CommissionThis lesson teaches how law reform works through the Law Commission in England and Wales. It covers reform, codification, consolidation and repeal, then turns the Law Commission process into AO1 knowledge and AO3 evaluation that is especially useful for Paper 2 non-substantive law questions.
3.1 - European Union law and England and WalesThis lesson teaches the AQA 7162 law-making topic on European Union law and England and Wales: the EU institutions in the specification, the main EU legal sources, and the ways EU law affected domestic law. It supports AQA success by turning a broad constitutional topic into precise AO1 definitio...
The legal system
3.1 - Civil courts, tracks, appeals and dispute resolutionThis lesson explains how civil disputes are routed through courts, tracks, appeals, tribunals, mediation and negotiation in England and Wales. For AQA A-level Law, the skill is not to recite every institution: it is to choose the correct dispute-resolution route, explain its legal features, and e...
3.1 - Criminal courts, sentencing and lay peopleThis lesson explains how criminal cases in England and Wales are classified, routed through the magistrates' court and Crown Court, appealed, and sentenced. For AQA A-level Law, this is shared English legal system content: success depends on using accurate court roles, distinguishing judges, magi...
Paper 1: Criminal law
Theory and general liability
Fatal offences
Non-fatal offences
Property offences and preliminary offences
Defences
Paper 2: Tort
Theory and negligence foundations
Negligence
Special negligence categories
Land-based torts
Liability relationships
Defences and remedies
Paper 3A Route: Law of contract
Contract theory and formation
Contract formation
Contract terms
Vitiating factors
Discharge and remedies
Paper 3B Route: Human rights
Human rights theory and origins
Human rights in the UK
Convention rights and English law
Enforcement and reform