Roadmap

Paper 1: Depth Studies

1: The French Revolution, c1780–99

1, key topic 1 - The origins of the Revolution, c1780–87
1, key topic 2 - Notables to Estates-General, 1787–89
1, key topic 3 - Developments 1789–92
1, key topic 4 - Convention and Terror, 1792–94
1, key topic 5 - Directory and First Consul, 1794–99

2: Development of a nation: unification of Italy, 1848–70

2, key topic 1 - The 1848 Revolutions in the Italian states
2, key topic 2 - Developments in Piedmont, 1849–54
2, key topic 3 - The defeat of Austria, 1854–59
2, key topic 4 - Garibaldi and the Papal States
2, key topic 5 - Venice, Rome and the extent of unity by 1870

3: Germany: development of dictatorship, 1918–45

3, key topic 1 - The Weimar Republic and its early problems
3, key topic 2 - The recovery of Germany, 1924–29
3, key topic 3 - Hitler and the Nazis to January 1933
3, key topic 4 - Nazi Germany 1933–39
3, key topic 5 - Germany and the occupied territories, 1939–45

4: Colonial rule and the nationalist challenge in India, 1919–47

4, key topic 1 - Rowlatt Acts, Amritsar and the 1919 India Act
4, key topic 2 - Gandhi and Congress, 1919–27
4, key topic 3 - Key developments, 1927–39
4, key topic 4 - The impact of the Second World War on India
4, key topic 5 - Violence, independence and partition, 1945–47

5: Dictatorship and conflict in the USSR, 1924–53

5, key topic 1 - The leadership struggle, 1924–29
5, key topic 2 - Five-year Plans and collectivisation
5, key topic 3 - Purges, show trials, cult and rewritten history
5, key topic 4 - Life in the Soviet Union, 1924–41
5, key topic 5 - The Second World War and after, 1941–53

6: A world divided: superpower relations, 1943–72

6, key topic 1 - Reasons for the Cold War
6, key topic 2 - Early developments in the Cold War, 1945–49
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6, key topic 3 - The Cold War in the 1950s
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6, key topic 4 - Three crises: Berlin, Cuba and Czechoslovakia
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6, key topic 5 - Thaw and détente, 1963–72
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7: A divided union: civil rights in the USA, 1945–74

7, key topic 1 - The Red Scare and McCarthyism
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7, key topic 2 - Civil rights in the 1950s
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7, key topic 3 - The impact of civil rights protests, 1960–74
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7, key topic 4 - Student, women’s and anti-Vietnam protests
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7, key topic 5 - Nixon and Watergate
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8: South Africa: from union to the end of apartheid, 1948–94

8, key topic 1 - Setting up apartheid, 1948–54
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8, key topic 2 - The growth of apartheid, 1955–59
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8, key topic 3 - Resisting apartheid, 1955–78
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8, key topic 4 - PW Botha – response to resistance, 1978–90
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8, key topic 5 - Dismantling Apartheid, 1990–94
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Paper 2, Section A: Historical Investigations

A1: The origins and course of the First World War, 1905–18

A1, key topic 1 - Alliances and international rivalry, 1905–14
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A1, key topic 2 - The growth of tension in Europe, 1905–14
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A1, key topic 3 - Schlieffen Plan and Western Front deadlock
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A1, key topic 4 - The war at sea and Gallipoli
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A1, key topic 5 - The defeat of Germany
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A2: Russia and the Soviet Union, 1905–24

A2, key topic 1 - Tsarist rule in Russia, 1905–14
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A2, key topic 2 - War and the February Revolution, 1914–17
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A2, key topic 3 - The Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks
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A2, key topic 4 - Bolshevik consolidation and Civil War
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A2, key topic 5 - War Communism and the New Economic Policy (NEP)
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A3: The USA, 1918–41

A3, key topic 1 - The Roaring Twenties
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A3, key topic 2 - Increased social tensions in the 1920s
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A3, key topic 3 - The USA in Depression, 1929–33
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A3, key topic 4 - Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1933–41
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A3, key topic 5 - The Opposition to the New Deal
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A4: The Vietnam Conflict, 1945–75

A4, key topic 1 - Struggle against France, 1945–54
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A4, key topic 2 - US policy and intervention, 1954–64
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A4, key topic 3 - Escalation of the Vietnam War, 1964–68
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A4, key topic 4 - Vietnamisation and Communist victory, 1969–75
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A4, key topic 5 - Impact on civilians and US attitudes
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A5: East Germany, 1958–90

A5, key topic 1 - The Berlin Wall crisis, 1958–63
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A5, key topic 2 - Stabilisation and control: the GDR, 1962–87
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A5, key topic 3 - Life in the GDR – social change, 1962–87
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A5, key topic 4 - Ostpolitik and West German relations, 1969–87
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A5, key topic 5 - The Peaceful Revolution, 1987–90
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Paper 2, Section B: Breadth Studies in Change

B1: America: from new nation to divided union, 1783–1877

B1, key topic 1 - Building a new nation, 1783–1809
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B1, key topic 2 - Expansion and Native American removal, 1803–49
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B1, key topic 3 - Slavery, the South and secession, 1850–61
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B1, key topic 4 - Civil War and the end of slavery, 1861–65
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B1, key topic 5 - A More Perfect Union? 1865–77
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B2: Changes in medicine, c1848–c1948

B2, key topic 1 - Medicine in the mid-19th century
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B2, key topic 2 - Lister, Pasteur and discovery, 1860–75
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B2, key topic 3 - Koch, Ehrlich and chemistry, 1875–1905
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B2, key topic 4 - Government action and war, 1905–20
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B2, key topic 5 - Medicine, surgery, health and the NHS, 1920–48
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B3: Japan in transformation, 1853–1945

B3, key topic 1 - Japan opening up to China and the West, 1853–67
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B3, key topic 2 - Transformation, 1867–1895
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B3, key topic 3 - An emerging power, 1895–1919
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B3, key topic 4 - Political and economic challenges, 1919–31
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B3, key topic 5 - Depression, empire and collapse, 1931–45
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B4: China: conflict, crisis and change, 1900–89

B4, key topic 1 - Fall of the Qing, warlords and chaos, 1900–34
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B4, key topic 2 - The triumph of Mao and the CCP, 1934–49
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B4, key topic 3 - Change under Mao, 1949–63
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B4, key topic 4 - The Cultural Revolution and its impact, 1965–76
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B4, key topic 5 - China, 1976–89
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B5: The changing role of international organisations: the League and the UN, 1919–c2011

B5, key topic 1 - Creation and successes of the League, 1919–29
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B5, key topic 2 - The League challenged, 1930–39
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B5, key topic 3 - Founding the UN and its work to 1964
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B5, key topic 4 - The UN challenged, 1967–89
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B5, key topic 5 - The UN at bay, 1990–2011
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B6: The changing nature of warfare and international conflict, 1919–2011

B6, key topic 1 - Warfare in 1919–39
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B6, key topic 2 - Land, air and sea warfare, 1939–45
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B6, key topic 3 - New forms of conflict, 1945–75
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B6, key topic 4 - Conventional and ‘new’ wars, 1976–2000
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B6, key topic 5 - Warfare in the early 21st century, 2000–11
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B7: The Middle East: conflict, crisis and change, 1917–2012

B7, key topic 1 - Build up of tension in Palestine, 1917–46
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B7, key topic 2 - Israel’s creation, the 1948–49 war and Suez
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B7, key topic 3 - Tension and conflict, 1956–73
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B7, key topic 4 - Diplomacy, peace then wider war, 1973–83
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B7, key topic 5 - The attempts to find a lasting peace, 1987–2012
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B8: Diversity, rights and equality in Britain, 1914–2010

B8, key topic 1 - The fight for recognition, 1914–28
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B8, key topic 2 - The impact of Depression and war, 1928–45
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B8, key topic 3 - Consequences of war and end of empire, 1944–62
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B8, key topic 4 - Changes in civil rights, c1962–86
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B8, key topic 5 - Changes in opportunity and culture, 1986–2010
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