Roadmap
The nature and variety of living organisms
Characteristics of living organisms
1.1 - Characteristics of living organisms
Variety of living organisms
1.2-1.4 - Classifying organisms and pathogens
Structure and functions in living organisms
Level of organisation and cell structure
2.1-2.4 - Organisation and cell structures
2.5B-2.6B - Cell differentiation and stem cells
Biological molecules
2.7-2.9 - Biological molecules and food tests
2.10-2.12 - Enzyme action and temperature
2.13-2.14B - Enzyme activity and pH practical
Movement of substances into and out of cells
2.15-2.17 - Diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Nutrition
2.18-2.20 - Photosynthesis reactions and limiting factors
2.21-2.23 - Leaf adaptations, minerals and photosynthesis practical
2.24-2.26 - Balanced diet and energy requirements
2.27-2.28 - Alimentary canal and peristalsis
2.29-2.32 - Digestive enzymes, bile and absorption
2.33B - Food energy practical
Respiration
2.34-2.37 - Aerobic respiration and ATP
2.38 - Anaerobic respiration
2.39 - Respiration practical
Gas exchange
2.40B-2.42B - Leaf structure and gas exchange
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2.43B-2.45B - Stomata, day - night gas exchange and leaf gas-exchange practical
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2.46-2.47 - Human breathing system and ventilation
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2.48-2.50 - Alveoli, smoking and breathing practical
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Transport
2.51-2.52 - Why multicellular organisms need transport
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2.53-2.55B - Xylem, phloem and water absorption
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2.56B-2.58B - Transpiration factors and transpiration practical
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2.59-2.61, 2.64B - Blood components, transport and clotting
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2.62-2.63B - Immune response and vaccination
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2.65-2.66 - Heart structure and heart-rate control
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2.67-2.69 - Blood vessels, circulation and coronary heart disease
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Excretion
2.70-2.71 - Excretion overview and plant wastes
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2.72B-2.73B - Kidney function and urinary system
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2.74B-2.75B - Nephron structure and ultrafiltration
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2.76B-2.79B - Selective reabsorption, ADH and urine composition
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Co-ordination and response
2.80-2.82 - Responses, homeostasis, receptors and effectors
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2.83-2.85 - Plant tropisms and auxin
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2.86-2.87 - Nervous system and receptors
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2.88-2.90 - Synapses and reflex arcs
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2.91-2.92 - The eye - structure, focusing and light response
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2.93 - Skin and temperature regulation
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2.94-2.95B - Hormones and endocrine control
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Reproduction and inheritance
Reproduction
3.1-3.2 - Sexual - asexual reproduction and fertilisation
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3.3-3.4 - Flower structure, pollination and fertilisation
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3.5-3.7 - Seed germination and plant asexual reproduction
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3.8-3.10B - Human reproductive systems and menstrual-cycle hormones
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3.11-3.13 - Placenta, amniotic fluid and secondary sexual characteristics
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Inheritance
3.14-3.16B - DNA, genes and chromosomes
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3.17B-3.18B - Protein synthesis and the genetic code
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3.19-3.22 - Alleles, inheritance terms and variation types
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3.23, 3.25 - Monohybrid inheritance and genetic diagrams
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3.24, 3.26-3.27 - Family pedigrees and sex determination
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3.28-3.29 - Mitosis
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3.30-3.32 - Meiosis, gametes and chromosome numbers
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3.33 - Variation and its causes
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3.34-3.37B - Mutation and effects on proteins - phenotype
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3.38-3.39 - Natural selection and antibiotic resistance
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Ecology and the environment
The organism in the environment
4.1, 4.5 - Populations, communities and distribution factors
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4.2-4.4B - Quadrat sampling and biodiversity
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Feeding relationships
4.6-4.9 - Feeding relationships and energy transfer
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Cycles within ecosystems
4.10-4.11B - Carbon and nitrogen cycles
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Human influences on the environment
4.12-4.15 - Air pollution, greenhouse gases and global warming
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4.16-4.17 - Water pollution and eutrophication
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4.18B - Deforestation and environmental consequences
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Use of biological resources
Food production
5.1-5.4 - Crop yield and pest control
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5.5-5.8 - Microorganisms, fermentation and food production
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5.9B - Fish farming
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Selective breeding
5.10-5.11 - Selective breeding in plants and animals
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Genetic modification (genetic engineering)
5.12-5.14 - Genetic engineering process
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5.15-5.16 - GM organisms and genetic-engineering applications
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Cloning
5.17B-5.20B - Cloning - micropropagation and cloned animals
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