Roadmap
Common to Papers 1 and 2
Topic 1 - Key concepts in biology
1.1 - Cell structures and functions
1.2 - Specialised cells
1.3 - 1.5 - Microscopy, scale and units
1.6 - Microscopy practical
1.7 - 1.9 - Enzyme action and conditions
1.10 - 1.11 - Investigating enzyme activity
1.12 - Building and breaking molecules
1.13B - Food tests
1.14B - Food calorimetry
1.15 - Cell transport
1.16 - 1.17 - Osmosis practical
Paper 1
Topic 2 - Cells and control
2.1 - 2.4 - Mitosis and cell division
2.5 - 2.7 - Growth and differentiation
2.8 - 2.9 - Stem cells
2.10B - Brain structure and function
2.11B - 2.12B - Brain imaging and treatment
2.13 - 2.14 - Nerves, synapses and reflex arcs
2.15B - How the eye works
2.16B - 2.17B - Vision defects and correction
Topic 3 - Genetics
3.1B - 3.3 - Reproduction and meiosis
3.4 - 3.5 - DNA, genes and genomes
3.6 - Extracting DNA from fruit
3.7B - 3.8B - Protein synthesis
3.9B - 3.10B - Genetic variants and proteins
3.11B - 3.13 - Mendel and inheritance terms
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3.14 - 3.16 - Genetic crosses and pedigrees
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3.17B - ABO blood-group inheritance
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3.18B - Sex-linked inheritance
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3.19 - 3.20 - Variation
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3.21 - The Human Genome Project
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3.22 - 3.23 - Mutation
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Topic 4 - Natural selection and genetic modification
4.1B - 4.3 - Natural selection and resistance
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4.4 - 4.5 - Evidence for human evolution
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4.6B - 4.7 - Evolutionary relationships and classification
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4.8 - Selective breeding
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4.9B - Tissue culture
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4.10 - Genetic engineering
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4.11 - Genetic engineering methods
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4.12B - GM crops
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4.13B - Agriculture and food demand
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4.14 - Biotechnology choices
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Topic 5 - Health, disease and the development of medicines
5.1 - 5.4 - Health, disease and pathogens
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5.5 - 5.6 - Infection spread
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5.7B - Viral lifecycles
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5.8 - Sexually transmitted infections
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5.9B - 5.10B - Plant defences
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5.11B - Identifying plant disease
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5.12 - Human barriers and defences
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5.13 - 5.15B - Immune response and vaccination
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5.16 - 5.19B - Antibiotics and antimicrobial practical
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5.20 - Developing medicines
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5.21B - Producing monoclonal antibodies
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5.22B - Using monoclonal antibodies
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5.23 - 5.24 - Lifestyle and disease risk
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5.25 - Cardiovascular treatments
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Paper 2
Topic 6 - Plant structures and their functions
6.1 - 6.2 - Photosynthesis
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6.3 - 6.4 - Limiting factors
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6.5 - Photosynthesis practical
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6.6 - Inverse square law
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6.7 - 6.10 - Plant transport systems
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6.11B - Leaf structure
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6.12 - 6.13 - Water uptake and rates
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6.14B - Plants in extreme environments
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6.15B - Auxin and tropisms
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6.16B - Commercial uses of plant hormones
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Topic 7 - Animal coordination, control and homeostasis
7.1 - The endocrine system
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7.2 - Adrenalin and fight or flight
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7.3 - Thyroxine and feedback
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7.4 - 7.5 - The menstrual cycle
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7.6 - 7.7 - Contraception
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7.8 - Fertility treatment
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7.9 - 7.10B - Why homeostasis matters
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7.11B - 7.12B - Thermoregulation
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7.13 - 7.14 - Blood glucose control
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7.15 - 7.16 - Diabetes
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7.17 - Body mass and diabetes risk
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7.18B - 7.19B - Kidneys and urine formation
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7.20B - ADH and water balance
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7.21B - 7.22B - Urea and kidney failure
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Topic 8 - Exchange and transport in animals
8.1 - 8.2 - Exchange and transport needs
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8.3 - 8.5B - Alveoli and diffusion
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8.6 - Blood and its components
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8.7 - Blood vessels
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8.8 - The heart and circulation
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8.9 - 8.10 - Cellular respiration
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8.11 - Measuring respiration
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8.12 - Cardiac output calculations
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Topic 9 - Ecosystems and material cycles
9.1 - 9.4 - Ecosystem organisation and interdependence
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9.5 - 9.6 - Fieldwork with quadrats and transects
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9.7B - 9.8B - Biomass and energy transfer
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9.9 - 9.10 - Human impacts and biodiversity
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9.11B - Food security
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9.12 - 9.13 - Material cycling and carbon
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9.14 - Water cycle and water supply
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9.15 - Nitrogen cycle and farming
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9.16B - Pollution indicators
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9.17B - 9.19B - Decomposition and decay rates
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