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Paper 1: Government and politics of the UK
Government of the UK
3.1.1.1a - British Constitution - Sources and PrinciplesScope: This lesson covers the nature and sources of the British constitution, historical documents, codified and uncodified constitutions, rule of law, and parliamentary sovereignty. It defines the AQA key terms needed for this split. Detailed rights debates, post-1997 constitutional reforms, dev...
3.1.1.1b - Rights and Constitutional ChangeScope: This lesson covers contemporary rights legislation, recent UK constitutional changes, debates about the extent of rights in the UK, and conflicts between individual and collective rights. It uses parliamentary sovereignty and the rule of law only where they explain rights protection in thi...
3.1.1.2a - Parliament - Commons, Lords and the Legislative ProcessScope: This lesson covers how the Commons and Lords are composed, what each House does in debate and law-making, how a bill becomes an Act, and how this expresses parliamentary sovereignty. It only signposts representation, committees, opposition and detailed executive scrutiny because those sit...
3.1.1.2b - Representation, MPs and PeersScope: This lesson covers AQA 3.1.1.2 on theories of representation, the roles and influence of MPs and peers, constituencies, party representation, mandates, delegates, trustees and parliamentary privilege. It links briefly to legislation and scrutiny only where they explain representation.
3.1.1.2c - Parliamentary Scrutiny and InfluenceScope: This lesson covers how Parliament scrutinises and influences the UK executive through the Commons, Lords, select committees, PMQs, opposition parties, backbenchers and legislation. It focuses on effectiveness in practice, including the limits created by party discipline, government control...
3.1.1.3a - Prime Minister, Cabinet and Policy MakingScope: This lesson covers the AQA 3.1.1.3a focus: the core executive, the Prime Minister-cabinet relationship, policy making, Cabinet committees, and individual and collective responsibility. It uses poll tax as the 1945-1997 anchor example and Iraq as the 1997-present anchor example. Wider accou...
3.1.1.3b - Prime-Ministerial Power and AccountabilityScope: This lesson covers the AQA 3.1.1.3 focus on prime-ministerial and Cabinet power, government-Parliament relations, and accountability. It uses Thatcher and the poll tax as the required 1945-1997 example, and Blair and Iraq as the required 1997-present example. It signposts Cabinet responsib...
3.1.1.4 - The UK Judiciary and the Supreme CourtScope: This lesson covers the UK judiciary as a constitutional actor. It focuses on judicial independence, impartiality and neutrality; appointments; the Supreme Court; ultra vires and judicial review; rights and civil liberties; and the judiciary's relationship with Parliament and the executive.
3.1.1.5a - Devolved Institutions and PowersScope: This lesson covers the roles, powers and responsibilities of the Scottish Parliament and Government, Senedd Cymru/Welsh Parliament and Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive. It focuses on devolved institutions, reserved and devolved powers, funding and accountab...
3.1.1.5b - English Devolution and the Impact on UK GovernmentScope: This lesson covers the debate around devolution in England, existing English devolution through London, combined authorities and metro mayors, and the impact of devolution on Parliament, the executive, party politics and the unity of the state. It uses Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland...
Politics of the UK
3.1.2.1a - Suffrage and the Development of ParticipationScope: This lesson stays inside AQA 3.1.2.1a. It explains how the UK franchise widened from 1832 to the present, why campaigns for suffrage mattered, how voting rights connect to participation in a representative democracy, and why gender, class, ethnicity and age remain live debates.
3.1.2.1b - Democracy and Political ParticipationScope: This lesson covers the nature of democracy, direct and representative democracy, forms and patterns of participation, party membership, pressure groups, turnout, digital participation and partisan dealignment. It uses suffrage only as background and leaves detailed suffrage history, electo...
3.1.2.2a - UK Electoral SystemsScope: This lesson explains how majoritarian and proportional electoral systems convert votes into representatives in UK parliamentary and devolved-body elections. It focuses on FPTP, AMS, STV and the limited relevance of SV/AV-style systems, then evaluates proportionality, representation, strong...
3.1.2.2b - Voting Behaviour and Election Case StudiesScope: This lesson covers voting behaviour models and factors, then applies them to three AQA-required UK general election case studies: 1983, 1997 and 2019. Electoral-system effects are included only where they help explain voting behaviour and election outcomes.
3.1.2.2c - Referendums in the UKScope: This lesson covers the nature, use and impact of referendums in the UK for AQA 3.1.2.2. It focuses on referendums as direct-democracy votes within a representative and sovereign Parliament system, using EU, devolution and AV case studies. It does not reteach electoral systems except where...
Paper 2: Government and politics of the USA and comparative politics
Government and politics of the USA
Comparative politics
Paper 3: Political ideas
Core ideologies
Optional ideologies (choose one)