Roadmap
Compulsory Content
Section 1: Measurements and Their Errors
3.1.1 - Use of SI Units and Their Prefixes
3.1.2 - Limitation of Physical Measurements
3.1.3 - Estimation of Physical Quantities
Section 2: Particles and Radiation / 2.1 - Particles
3.2.1.1 - Constituents of the Atom
3.2.1.2 - Stable and Unstable Nuclei
3.2.1.3 - Particles, Antiparticles and Photons
3.2.1.4 - Particle Interactions
3.2.1.5 - Classification of Particles
3.2.1.6 - Quarks and Antiquarks
3.2.1.7 - Applications of Conservation Laws
Section 2: Particles and Radiation / 2.2 - Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena
3.2.2.1 - The Photoelectric Effect
3.2.2.2 - Collisions of Electrons with Atoms
3.2.2.3 - Energy Levels and Photon Emission
3.2.2.4 - Wave-Particle Duality
Section 3: Waves / 3.1 - Progressive and Stationary Waves
3.3.1.1 - Progressive Waves
3.3.1.2 - Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
3.3.1.3 - Principle of Superposition of Waves and Formation of Stationary Waves
RP01 - Stationary Waves on a String
Section 3: Waves / 3.2 - Refraction, Diffraction and Interference
3.3.2.1 - Interference
RP02 - Interference Effects
3.3.2.2 - Diffraction
3.3.2.3 - Refraction at a Plane Surface
Section 4: Mechanics and Materials / 4.1 - Force, Energy and Momentum
3.4.1.1 - Scalars and Vectors
3.4.1.2 - Moments
3.4.1.3 - Motion Along a Straight Line
RP03 - Determination of g by Free Fall
3.4.1.4 - Projectile Motion
3.4.1.5 - Newton's Laws of Motion
3.4.1.6 - Momentum
3.4.1.7 - Work, Energy and Power
3.4.1.8 - Conservation of Energy
Section 4: Mechanics and Materials / 4.2 - Materials
3.4.2.1 - Bulk Properties of Solids
3.4.2.2 - The Young Modulus
RP04 - Determination of the Young Modulus
Section 5: Electricity / 5.1 - Current Electricity
3.5.1.1 - Basics of Electricity
3.5.1.2 - Current-Voltage Characteristics
3.5.1.3 - Resistivity
RP05 - Determination of Wire Resistivity
3.5.1.4 - Circuits
3.5.1.5 - Potential Divider
3.5.1.6 - Electromotive Force and Internal Resistance
RP06 - EMF and Internal Resistance
Section 6: Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics / 6.1 - Periodic Motion
3.6.1.1 - Circular Motion
3.6.1.2 - Simple Harmonic Motion
3.6.1.3 - Simple Harmonic Systems
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RP07 - Simple Harmonic Motion
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3.6.1.4 - Forced Vibrations and Resonance
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Section 6: Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics / 6.2 - Thermal Physics
3.6.2.1 - Thermal Energy Transfer
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3.6.2.2 - Ideal Gases
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RP08 - Boyle's Law and Charles's Law
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3.6.2.3 - Molecular Kinetic Theory Model
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Section 7: Fields and Their Consequences / 7.1 - Fields
3.7.1 - Fields
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Section 7: Fields and Their Consequences / 7.2 - Gravitational Fields
3.7.2.1 - Newton's Law of Gravitation
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3.7.2.2 - Gravitational Field Strength
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3.7.2.3 - Gravitational Potential
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3.7.2.4 - Orbits of Planets and Satellites
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Section 7: Fields and Their Consequences / 7.3 - Electric Fields
3.7.3.1 - Coulomb's Law
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3.7.3.2 - Electric Field Strength
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3.7.3.3 - Electric Potential
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Section 7: Fields and Their Consequences / 7.4 - Capacitance
3.7.4.1 - Capacitance
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3.7.4.2 - Parallel Plate Capacitor
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3.7.4.3 - Energy Stored by a Capacitor
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3.7.4.4 - Capacitor Charge and Discharge
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RP09 - Capacitor Charge and Discharge
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Section 7: Fields and Their Consequences / 7.5 - Magnetic Fields
3.7.5.1 - Magnetic Flux Density
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RP10 - Force on a Current-Carrying Wire
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3.7.5.2 - Moving Charges in a Magnetic Field
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3.7.5.3 - Magnetic Flux and Flux Linkage
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RP11 - Magnetic Flux Linkage with a Search Coil
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3.7.5.4 - Electromagnetic Induction
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3.7.5.5 - Alternating Currents
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3.7.5.6 - The Operation of a Transformer
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Section 8: Nuclear Physics / 8.1 - Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy
3.8.1.1 - Rutherford Scattering (A-level only)
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3.8.1.2 - Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation
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RP12 - Inverse-Square Law for Gamma Radiation
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3.8.1.3 - Radioactive Decay
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3.8.1.4 - Nuclear Instability
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3.8.1.5 - Nuclear Radius
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3.8.1.6 - Mass and Energy
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3.8.1.7 - Induced Fission
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3.8.1.8 - Safety Aspects
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Optional Sections (your school picks one)
Option A: Astrophysics / A.1 - Telescopes
3.9.1.1 - Astronomical Telescope Consisting of Two Converging Lenses
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3.9.1.2 - Reflecting Telescopes
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3.9.1.3 - Single Dish Radio Telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray Telescopes
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3.9.1.4 - Advantages of Large Diameter Telescopes
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Option A: Astrophysics / A.2 - Classification of Stars
3.9.2.1 - Classification by Luminosity
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3.9.2.2 - Absolute Magnitude, M
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3.9.2.3 - Classification by Temperature, Black-Body Radiation
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3.9.2.4 - Principles of the Use of Stellar Spectral Classes
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3.9.2.5 - The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram
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3.9.2.6 - Supernovae, Neutron Stars and Black Holes
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Option A: Astrophysics / A.3 - Cosmology
3.9.3.1 - Doppler Effect
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3.9.3.2 - Hubble's Law
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3.9.3.3 - Quasars
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3.9.3.4 - Detection of Exoplanets
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Option B: Medical Physics / B.1 - Physics of the Eye
3.10.1.1 - Physics of Vision
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3.10.1.2 - Defects of Vision and Their Correction Using Lenses
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Option B: Medical Physics / B.2 - Physics of the Ear
3.10.2.1 - Ear as a Sound Detection System
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3.10.2.2 - Sensitivity and Frequency Response
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3.10.2.3 - Defects of Hearing
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Option B: Medical Physics / B.3 - Biological Measurement
3.10.3.1 - Simple ECG Machines and the Normal ECG Waveform
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Option B: Medical Physics / B.4 - Non-Ionising Imaging
3.10.4.1 - Ultrasound Imaging
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3.10.4.2 - Fibre Optics and Endoscopy
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3.10.4.3 - Magnetic Resonance (MR) Scanner
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Option B: Medical Physics / B.5 - X-Ray Imaging
3.10.5.1 - The Physics of Diagnostic X-rays
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3.10.5.2 - Image Detection and Enhancement
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3.10.5.3 - Absorption of X-rays
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3.10.5.4 - CT Scanner
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Option B: Medical Physics / B.6 - Radionuclide Imaging and Therapy
3.10.6.1 - Imaging Techniques
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3.10.6.2 - Half-life
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3.10.6.3 - Gamma Camera
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3.10.6.4 - Use of High-Energy X-rays
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3.10.6.5 - Use of Radioactive Implants
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3.10.6.6 - Imaging Comparisons
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Option C: Engineering Physics / C.1 - Rotational Dynamics
3.11.1.1 - Concept of Moment of Inertia
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3.11.1.2 - Rotational Kinetic Energy
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3.11.1.3 - Rotational Motion
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3.11.1.4 - Torque and Angular Acceleration
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3.11.1.5 - Angular Momentum
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3.11.1.6 - Work and Power
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Option C: Engineering Physics / C.2 - Thermodynamics and Engines
3.11.2.1 - First Law of Thermodynamics
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3.11.2.2 - Non-Flow Processes
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3.11.2.3 - The p-V Diagram
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3.11.2.4 - Engine Cycles
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3.11.2.5 - Second Law and Engines
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3.11.2.6 - Reversed Heat Engines
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Option D: Turning Points in Physics / D.1 - The Discovery of the Electron
3.12.1.1 - Cathode Rays
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3.12.1.2 - Thermionic Emission of Electrons
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3.12.1.3 - Specific Charge of the Electron
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3.12.1.4 - Principle of Millikan's Determination of the Electronic Charge, *e*
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Option D: Turning Points in Physics / D.2 - Wave-Particle Duality
3.12.2.1 - Newton's Corpuscular Theory of Light
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3.12.2.2 - Significance of Young's Double Slits Experiment
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3.12.2.3 - Electromagnetic Waves
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3.12.2.4 - The Discovery of Photoelectricity
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3.12.2.5 - Wave-Particle Duality
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3.12.2.6 - Electron Microscopes
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Option D: Turning Points in Physics / D.3 - Special Relativity
3.12.3.1 - The Michelson-Morley Experiment
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3.12.3.2 - Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity
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3.12.3.3 - Time Dilation
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3.12.3.4 - Length Contraction
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3.12.3.5 - Mass and Energy
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Option E: Electronics / E.1 - Sensing Devices
3.13.1.1 - MOSFET
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3.13.1.2 - Zener Diode
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3.13.1.3 - Photodiode
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3.13.1.4 - Hall Effect Sensor
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Option E: Electronics / E.2 - Signal Processing
3.13.2.1 - Difference Between Analogue and Digital Signals
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Option E: Electronics / E.3 - Filters and Amplifiers
3.13.3.1 - LC Resonance Filters
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3.13.3.2 - The Ideal Operational Amplifier
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Option E: Electronics / E.4 - Op-Amp Circuits
3.13.4.1 - The Inverting Amplifier
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3.13.4.2 - Non-Inverting Amplifier Configuration
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3.13.4.3 - Summing Amplifier and Difference Amplifier Configurations
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3.13.4.4 - Real Operational Amplifiers
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Option E: Electronics / E.5 - Digital Electronics
3.13.5.1 - Combinational Logic
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3.13.5.2 - Sequential Logic
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3.13.5.3 - Astables
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Option E: Electronics / E.6 - Communication Systems
3.13.6.1 - Principles of Communication Systems
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3.13.6.2 - Transmission Media
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3.13.6.3 - Time-Division Multiplexing
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3.13.6.4 - Amplitude (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) Techniques
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Section 3: Waves
3.1 - Progressive and Stationary Waves
3.1.3 Superposition and Stationary Waves
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Section 4: Mechanics and Materials
4.1 - Force, Energy and Momentum
RP Determining g by Free Fall
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4.2 - Materials
RP Young Modulus
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Section 5: Electricity
5.1 - Current Electricity
RP Resistivity of a Wire
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Section 6: Further Mechanics and Thermal Physics
6.2 - Thermal Physics
RP Boyle's and Charles's Laws
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Section 7: Fields and Their Consequences
7.2 - Gravitational Fields
7.2.1 Newton's Law
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7.5 - Magnetic Fields
RP Force on a Wire in a Magnetic Field
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RP Search Coil and Flux Linkage
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Section 8: Nuclear Physics
8.1 - Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy
8.1.2 α, β and γ Radiation
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RP Gamma Inverse-Square Law
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Option A: Astrophysics
A.1 - Telescopes
A.1.1 Two-Lens Astronomical Telescope
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A.1.3 Radio, IR, UV and X-ray Telescopes
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A.2 - Classification of Stars
A.2.3 Temperature and Black-Body Radiation
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A.2.4 Stellar Spectral Classes
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Option B: Medical Physics
B.1 - Physics of the Eye
B.1.2 Vision Defects and Lens Correction
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Option D: Turning Points in Physics
D.1 - The Discovery of the Electron
D.1.4 Millikan's Electronic Charge Experiment
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Option E: Electronics
E.4 - Op-Amp Circuits
E.4.1 Inverting Amplifier Configuration
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E.4.2 Non-Inverting Amplifier Configuration
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E.4.3 Summing Amplifier Configuration
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E.6 - Communication Systems
E.6.4 AM and FM Modulation Techniques
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