Roadmap
UK Politics
Democracy and participation
1.1 - Direct and representative democracy
1.2 - Franchise expansion and suffrage debates
1.3 - Pressure-group methods and influence
1.3 - Think tanks, lobbyists and corporations
1.4 - Rights, freedoms and competing claims
Political parties
2.1 - Party functions and funding
2.2 - Conservative development and current policies
2.2 - Labour development and current policies
2.2 - Liberal Democrat development and current policies
2.3 - Minor parties and their significance
2.4 - Party systems and political success
Electoral systems
3.1 - First-past-the-post and constituency representation
3.1 - Additional Member System and comparison with FPTP
3.1 - Single Transferable Vote and voter choice
3.1 - Closed Proportional List System
3.2 - Referendums in representative democracy
3.3 - Electoral systems, representation and government
Voting behaviour and the media
4.1 - Explaining an election from 1945–92
4.1 - Explaining the 1997 general election
4.1 - Explaining an election since 1997
4.1 - Comparing voting patterns across three elections
4.2 - Media influence, bias and opinion polls
Core Political Ideas
Conservatism
1, 3 - Conservative tradition and pragmatic change
1, 3 - Conservative human imperfection and social order
1, 2 - Conservative paternalism and one-nation duties
1, 2 - The new right: free markets and moral authority
1, 2, 3 - Rand and Nozick: liberty, self-interest and self-ownership
Liberalism
1 - Liberal individualism, reason and freedom
1, 3 - Liberal consent, limited government and democracy
1, 3 - Mill: the harm principle and tolerance
1, 3 - Liberal equality and women’s opportunities
1, 2 - Classical and modern liberal freedom and economics
1, 2, 3 - Rawls: justice and the enabling state
Socialism
1 - Socialist collectivism and common humanity
1, 3 - Marx and Engels: class, history and communism
1, 2, 3 - Luxemburg: reform, class consciousness and revolution
1, 3 - Webb: gradual socialism and an expanded state
1, 2, 3 - Crosland: social democracy and managed capitalism
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1, 2, 3 - Giddens: the Third Way, opportunity and responsibility
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UK Government
The constitution
1.1 - Development of the UK constitution
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1.1 - Constitutional principles and sources
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1.2 - Constitutional reform under Labour, 1997–2010
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1.2 - Constitutional reform since 2010
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1.3 - Devolved powers in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
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1.3 - Devolution in England
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1.4 - Further constitutional reform
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Parliament
2.1 - Commons and Lords: membership and roles
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2.2 - Relative powers of the Commons and Lords
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2.3 - How legislation becomes law
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2.4 - Parliamentary scrutiny of the Executive
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Prime Minister and executive
3.1 - Executive structure and policy roles
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3.1 - Executive powers and their limits
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3.2 - Individual and collective ministerial responsibility
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3.3, 3.3.1 - Prime Minister and Cabinet: the balance of power
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3.3, 3.3.2 - Prime ministerial control of events and policy
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Relations between the branches
4.1 - Supreme Court independence and constitutional influence
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4.2 - Parliament, Executive dominance and accountability
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4.3 - The European Union and post-exit policy making
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4.4 - Legal and political sovereignty in the UK
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Anarchism
Authority and social order
1, 3 - Anarchist rejection of authority and Goldman’s revolution
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1, 2, 3 - Anarchy as order: Kropotkin and mutual aid
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Property, freedom and change
1, 2, 3 - Proudhon: property, mutualism and peaceful change
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1, 2, 3 - Collectivist revolution, Bakunin and syndicalism
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1, 2, 3 - Individualist anarchism: Stirner, egoism and markets
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Ecologism
Nature and ecological values
1, 3 - Ecology, holism and Carson’s challenge to domination
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1, 3 - Environmental ethics and Leopold’s land community
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1, 2 - Deep-green consciousness and ecocentrism
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Sustainability and social change
1, 2 - Sustainability and shallow-green responses
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1, 3 - Schumacher: consumption, wellbeing and local economics
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2, 3 - Social ecology: Bookchin, Merchant and structures of oppression
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Feminism
Gender, patriarchy and equality
1, 3 - Sex, gender and de Beauvoir’s otherness
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1, 2, 3 - Patriarchy, the personal and Millett’s cultural critique
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1, 2 - Equality, difference and liberal feminism
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Economic and intersecting inequalities
1, 3 - Gilman: domestic dependence and gender socialisation
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1, 2, 3 - Socialist feminism: Rowbotham, capitalism and the family
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1, 2, 3 - hooks: intersectionality and post-modern feminism
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Multiculturalism
Recognition and minority rights
1, 3 - Culture, identity and Taylor’s politics of recognition
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1, 2, 3 - Minority rights and Kymlicka’s liberal accommodation
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1, 2, 3 - Berlin: value pluralism and the limits of liberal diversity
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Diversity and integration
1, 2, 3 - Parekh: cultural embeddedness and deep diversity
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2, 3 - Modood: cultural identities and national integration
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1, 2 - Cosmopolitan hybridity and conservative criticisms of diversity
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Nationalism
Nationhood and self-government
1, 3 - Nations, self-determination and Rousseau’s civic community
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1, 2, 3 - Herder, cultural nationhood and conservative cohesion
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1, 2, 3 - Mazzini, liberal nationalism and the nation-state
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Nationalism and the wider world
1, 2, 3 - Anti-colonial nationalism, Garvey and Pan-Africanism
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1, 2, 3 - Racialism, expansionism and Maurras’s integral nationalism
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1, 2 - Internationalism and the limits of national solidarity
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USA
The US Constitution and federalism
1.1 - The US Constitution and the amendment process
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1.2 - Constitutional principles and limited government
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1.3 - Federal and state government
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1.4 - Debating the Constitution and federalism
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US Congress
2.1, 2.1.1 - The structure and powers of Congress
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2.2, 2.2.1 - Representation and voting in Congress
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2.2, 2.2.2 - The legislative process
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2.2, 2.2.3 - Congressional oversight
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2.3 - Debating congressional power and representation
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US presidency
3.1 - Formal presidential powers
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3.2 - Informal powers and the presidential office
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3.3, 3.3.1, 3.3.2 - Presidential relationships and limitations
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3.4 - Debating presidential effectiveness and accountability
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US Supreme Court and US civil rights
4.1 - The Supreme Court and judicial review
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4.2 - Supreme Court appointments and composition
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4.3 - Judicial interpretation and public policy
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4.4 - Constitutional protection of rights
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4.5 - Race, rights and equality campaigns
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4.6 - Debating the Court, civil rights and equality
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US democracy and participation
5.1, 5.1.1 - Presidential and congressional elections
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5.1, 5.1.2 - Campaign finance and reform
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5.2, 5.2.1, 5.2.2 - Party principles, factions and changing power
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5.2, 5.2.3 - Party coalitions and voting patterns
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5.3 - Interest groups and democratic influence
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5.4 - Debating US democracy and participation
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Comparative theories
6.1 - Rational, cultural and structural approaches
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6.2, 6.2.1, 6.2.2 - Comparing constitutions and federalism
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6.2.3, 6.2.4 - Comparing Congress and Parliament
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6.2.5, 6.2.6 - Comparing presidents and prime ministers
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6.2.7, 6.2.8 - Comparing courts and protection of rights
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6.2.9, 6.2.10 - Comparing parties, finance and group influence
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Global Politics
The state and globalisation
1.1, 1.1.1 - Nation-states and sovereignty
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1.2, 1.2.1 - The process and dimensions of globalisation
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1.2.2, 1.3 - Globalisation and the state system
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1.4 - Globalisation and contemporary global issues
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Global governance: political and economic
2.1, 2.1.1 - The United Nations and its institutions
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2.1.2 - NATO and collective security
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2.2, 2.2.1 - The IMF and World Bank
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2.2.2 - The WTO, G7 and G8 and G20
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2.2.3 - Poverty and development theories
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2.3 - Global institutions: effectiveness and reform
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2.3.2 - Global civil society and non-state actors
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Global governance: human rights and environmental
3.1, 3.1.1 - International law and human-rights institutions
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3.1.2 - Humanitarian intervention and R2P
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3.2, 3.2.1 - The UNFCCC and IPCC
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3.3, 3.3.1 - International law: enforcement and controversy
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3.3.2 - Environmental approaches and agreements
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3.3.3 - Civil society, human rights and the environment
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Power and developments
4.1 - Hard and soft power
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4.2 - Great powers, superpowers and emerging powers
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4.3 - Polarity and changing world order since 2000
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4.4 - Government systems and global order
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4.5, 4.6 - The spread of liberal institutions and global issues
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Regionalism and the European Union
5.1, 5.1.1, 5.1.2 - Regionalism and sovereignty
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5.2 - Regional organisations beyond the EU
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5.3 - European integration: institutions and enlargement
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5.3 - European integration: treaties and monetary union
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5.4, 5.5 - The EU as a global actor and regional problem-solving
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Comparative theories
6.1 - Realism, anarchy and the security dilemma
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6.2 - Liberalism, interdependence and global governance
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6.3 - Comparing realism and liberalism
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6.4 - Anarchical society and the society of states
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6.5 - Realism and liberalism in post-2000 case studies
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