Roadmap
3.1.1 Water and carbon cycles
Water stores and transfers
3.1.1.1 - Water and carbon as systems
3.1.1.2 - Global water stores and transfers
3.1.1.2, 3.1.1.5 - Drainage basins and water balance
3.1.1.2, 3.1.1.5 - Runoff and flood hydrographs
3.1.1.2 - Natural and human changes to water cycling
Carbon and climate
3.1.1.3 - Carbon stores and transfers
3.1.1.3, 3.1.1.5 - Changing carbon stores and budgets
3.1.1.4 - Water, carbon, climate and life
3.1.1.4 - Managing carbon transfers
Cycle case studies
3.1.1.6 - Tropical rainforest water and carbon
3.1.1.6, 3.1.1.5 - A local river catchment and field evidence
3.2.1 Global systems and global governance
Global networks and trade
3.2.1.1 - Globalisation flows and driving forces
3.2.1.2 - Interdependence, unequal flows and power
3.2.1.3 - Trade patterns and access to markets
3.2.1.3 - A transnational corporation and its impacts
3.2.1.3 - A global commodity chain and everyday lives
Governance and global commons
3.2.1.4 - Global governance across scales
3.2.1.5, 3.2.1.5.1 - Global commons and Antarctic geography
3.2.1.5.1 - Antarctic pressures and environmental change
3.2.1.5.1 - Governing and protecting Antarctica
Globalisation and evidence
3.2.1.6, 3.2.1.7 - Evaluating globalisation with evidence
3.2.2 Changing places
Place character and connections
3.2.2.1 - Place, experience and perspectives
3.2.2.1 - Endogenous and exogenous place character
3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.1 - Flows, connections and external forces
3.2.2.2.1 - Demographic and cultural change in places
3.2.2.2.1 - Economic change and social inequalities
Meaning and representation
3.2.2.2.2 - Lived experience, meaning and identity
3.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.3 - Representations of place and critical evidence
3.2.2.2.2 - Place making and past development
Contrasting place studies
3.2.2.4 - A local place through past and present evidence
3.2.2.4 - A distant contrasting place and comparison
3.4 Geographical evidence and methods
Spatial and field evidence
3.4.1, 3.4.2.1, 3.4.2.2, 3.4.2.5 - Maps, spatial data and GIS in geographical enquiry
3.4.2.1, 3.4.2.5 - Field sketches, photographs and remote sensing
3.4.1, 3.4.2.1 - Measurement, sampling and data quality
3.4.1, 3.4.2.1 - Interviews, questionnaires and qualitative coding
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Graphs and statistical enquiry
3.4.2.3 - Choosing and interpreting geographical graphs
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3.4.2.3 - Triangular, logarithmic and dispersion graphs
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3.4.1, 3.4.2.4 - Central tendency and dispersion in field data
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3.4.1, 3.4.2.4 - Spearman's rank and significance
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3.4.2.4 - Chi-square and geographical hypotheses
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Critical geographical arguments
3.4, 3.4.1, 3.4.2.5, 4.1, 4.2 - Critical data use and evidenced geographical arguments
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3.1.2 Hot desert systems and landscapes
Aridity and desert processes
3.1.2.1 - Desert systems and global aridity
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3.1.2.1 - Climate, soils and vegetation at desert margins
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3.1.2.2 - Desert energy and sediment budgets
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3.1.2.2 - Weathering and mass movement in drylands
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3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3 - Wind processes and aeolian landforms
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3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3 - Episodic water and arid landforms
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Desertification and evidence
3.1.2.4 - Desertification, risk and changing extent
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3.1.2.4, 3.1.2.6 - Desertification responses and local futures
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3.1.2.5, 3.1.2.6 - A hot desert setting and field evidence
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3.1.2.3 - Process, time and contrasting desert landscapes
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3.1.3 Coastal systems and landscapes
Coastal processes and landscapes
3.1.3.1, 3.1.3.2 - Coastal systems and energy
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3.1.3.2 - Sediment cells and coastal processes
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3.1.3.3 - Erosional coastal landscapes
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3.1.3.3 - Depositional coastal landscapes
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3.1.3.3 - Estuaries, mudflats and saltmarshes
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3.1.3.3 - Sea level and emergent or submerged coasts
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3.1.3.3 - Climate, time and coastal landscape change
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Management and contrasting coasts
3.1.3.4 - Engineering and sustainable coastal management
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3.1.3.5 - Coastal field measurements and spatial evidence
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3.1.3.6 - Local coastal processes and sustainable management
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3.1.3.6 - A contrasting coast beyond the UK
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3.1.4 Glacial systems and landscapes
Ice processes and landscapes
3.1.4.1, 3.1.4.2 - Cold environments and glacial systems
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3.1.4.3 - Glacial budgets, advance and retreat
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3.1.4.3 - Glacier types, movement and weathering
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3.1.4.3, 3.1.4.4 - Glacial erosion and landscapes
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3.1.4.3, 3.1.4.4 - Glacial transport and depositional landforms
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3.1.4.3, 3.1.4.4 - Meltwater and fluvioglacial landscapes
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3.1.4.3, 3.1.4.4 - Periglacial processes and landscapes
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Cold-environment management and evidence
3.1.4.5 - Fragile cold environments and their futures
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3.1.4.6 - Glacial field measurements and spatial evidence
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3.1.4.7, 3.1.4.4 - Local glacial processes and landscape evidence
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3.1.4.7 - A contrasting glaciated landscape beyond the UK
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3.1.5 Hazards
Risk and tectonic hazards
3.1.5.1 - Hazard risk, perception and responses
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3.1.5.2 - Earth structure and plate movement
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3.1.5.2 - Plate margins, landforms and magma plumes
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3.1.5.3 - Volcanic hazards and their patterns
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3.1.5.3 - A recent volcanic event and responses
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3.1.5.4 - Seismic hazards and their patterns
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3.1.5.4 - A recent seismic event and responses
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Atmospheric hazards and hazardous places
3.1.5.5 - Tropical storms and hazard patterns
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3.1.5.5 - Two contrasting recent tropical storms
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3.1.5.6 - Wildfire processes, impacts and responses
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3.1.5.7 - A multi-hazardous environment beyond the UK
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3.1.5.7 - A local community in a hazardous setting
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3.1.6 Ecosystems under stress
Ecosystem functioning and biomes
3.1.6.1 - Biodiversity and ecosystem sustainability
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3.1.6.2 - Ecosystem structure, energy and nutrient cycling
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3.1.6.2 - Succession, environmental controls and change
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3.1.6.3 - Biomes and tropical rainforest adaptations
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3.1.6.3 - Savanna adaptations and biome comparison
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3.1.6.3 - Development pressures in rainforest and savanna
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Changing ecosystems and management
3.1.6.4 - British Isles succession and plagioclimax
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3.1.6.5 - Coral reef processes, threats and futures
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3.1.6.6, 3.1.6.7 - A local ecosystem and conservation
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3.1.6.7 - Regional ecological change and community responses
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3.2.3 Contemporary urban environments
Urban growth, form and inequality
3.2.3.1 - Urbanisation, megacities and world cities
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3.2.3.1 - Urban growth, economic change and British policy
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3.2.3.2 - Urban forms, land use and new landscapes
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3.2.3.2, 3.2.3.3 - Inequality, segregation and cultural diversity
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Urban physical systems and waste
3.2.3.4 - Urban climate, wind and air quality
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3.2.3.5 - Urban water cycles and sustainable drainage
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3.2.3.5 - Evaluating an urban river restoration project
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3.2.3.6 - Urban waste and disposal choices
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Environment and sustainable urban places
3.2.3.7 - Urban pollution and dereliction
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3.2.3.8 - Sustainable cities, footprints and liveability
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3.2.3.9 - An urban area's well-being and environment
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3.2.3.9 - A contrasting urban area and sustainability
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3.2.4 Population and the environment
Environment, food and health
3.2.4.1 - Population patterns and environmental context
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3.2.4.2 - Climate, food systems and food security
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3.2.4.2 - Zonal soils, agricultural problems and management
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3.2.4.3 - Health patterns, development and environment
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3.2.4.3 - A biologically transmitted disease
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3.2.4.3 - A non-communicable disease and global health
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Population change and futures
3.2.4.4 - Natural population change and the demographic dividend
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3.2.4.4 - Migration processes and consequences
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3.2.4.5 - Population ecology, resources and competing models
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3.2.4.6 - Environmental change and population futures
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Population and health case studies
3.2.4.7 - Population change in a country or society
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3.2.4.7 - A local area's environment, health and experience
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3.2.5 Resource security
Resource development and water security
3.2.5.1 - Resources, frontiers and sustainable development
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3.2.5.2 - Resource patterns, trade and geopolitics
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3.2.5.3 - Water availability, demand and stress
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3.2.5.3 - Water supply strategies and a major scheme
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3.2.5.3 - Water consumption, sustainability and conflict
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Energy and mineral security
3.2.5.4 - Energy sources, demand and competing interests
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3.2.5.4 - Energy development and supply strategies
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3.2.5.4 - Energy demand management and sustainability
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3.2.5.5 - A traded metal ore and extraction impacts
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Resource futures and place studies
3.2.5.6 - Alternative resource futures
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3.2.5.7 - Resource security and welfare in a regional setting
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3.2.5.7 - Physical environment and resource use in a place
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3.3 Independent geographical investigation
Planning and field investigation
3.3.1, 3.3.2.1, 3.3.2.2 - Fieldwork requirements and independent enquiry
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3.3.2, 3.3.4.1 - Research questions, context and preliminary research
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3.3.2, 3.3.4.2 - Fieldwork design, sampling and method justification
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3.3.2, 3.3.4.2 - Collecting relevant, good-quality field evidence
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Analysis, reporting and independence
3.3.2, 3.3.4.3 - Analysing, representing and interrogating field data
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3.3.2, 3.3.3, 3.3.4.4 - Conclusions, wider context and evaluation
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3.3.2, 3.3.4.4 - Coherent reporting, referencing and ethical reflection
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3.3.2.2, 5.1, 5.2 - Authenticity, assistance and the candidate record
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