Roadmap
Development of practical skills in chemistry
1.1 - Practical skills assessed in a written examination
1.1.1 - Planning practical investigations
1.1.2 - Implementing measurements and observations
1.1.3 - Analysis, graphs and significant figures
1.1.4 - Evaluation, uncertainty and improvements
1.2 - Practical skills assessed in the practical endorsement
1.2.1 - Practical endorsement skills
1.2.2(a)-(c) - Core measurement, heating and pH techniques
1.2.2(d)-(f) - Glassware, reflux, filtration and indicators
1.2.2(g)-(l) - Purification, chromatography, cells, rates, safety
Foundations in chemistry
2.1 - Atoms and reactions
2.1.1(a)-(b) - Atomic structure and isotopes
2.1.1(c)-(e) - Relative mass and mass spectrometry
2.1.2 - Compounds, formulae and equations
2.1.3(a) - The mole and chemical amount
2.1.3(b)-(d) - Empirical, molecular and hydrated formulae
2.1.3(e), 2.1.3(g) - Reacting masses, solutions and stoichiometry
2.1.3(f) - The ideal gas equation
2.1.3(h)-(j) - Percentage yield, atom economy and measurement
2.1.4(a)-(c) - Acids, bases, alkalis and neutralisation
2.1.4(d)-(e) - Acid-base titrations
2.1.5(a)-(c) - Oxidation numbers and redox nomenclature
2.1.5(d)-(f) - Redox reactions and electron transfer
2.2 - Electrons, bonding and structure
2.2.1 - Electron structure
2.2.2(a)-(c) - Ionic bonding and giant ionic lattices
2.2.2(d)-(f) - Covalent bonding and dot-and-cross diagrams
2.2.2(g)-(h) - Shapes of simple molecules and ions
2.2.2(i)-(j) - Electronegativity, bond polarity and dipoles
2.2.2(k)-(l) - Intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding
2.2.2(m)-(o) - Water, simple molecular lattices and properties
Periodic table and energy
3.1 - The periodic table
3.1.1(a)-(c) - Periodic table, periodicity and ionisation energy
3.1.1(d)-(g) - Giant lattices and melting point trends
3.1.2(a)-(c) - Group 2 reactivity and ionisation energy
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3.1.2(d)-(e) - Group 2 oxides, hydroxides and uses
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3.1.3(a)-(d) - Halogen properties and reactivity trends
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3.1.3(e)-(f) - Disproportionation and chlorine in water treatment
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3.1.3(g) - Halide ion tests
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3.1.4 - Inorganic qualitative analysis
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3.2 - Physical chemistry
3.2.1(a)-(d) - Enthalpy profiles and standard enthalpy changes
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3.2.1(e), 3.2.1(h) - Calorimetry and enthalpy determination
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3.2.1(f) - Average bond enthalpies
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3.2.1(g) - Hess' law and enthalpy cycles
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3.2.2(a)-(b) - Collision theory and rate graphs
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3.2.2(c)-(e) - Catalysts and rate practicals
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3.2.2(f)-(g) - Boltzmann distributions
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3.2.3(a)-(d) - Dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle
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3.2.3(e) - Industrial equilibrium compromises
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3.2.3(f)-(g) - Equilibrium constant Kc
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Core organic chemistry
4.1 - Basic concepts and hydrocarbons
4.1.1(a)-(b) - Organic nomenclature and formula representations
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4.1.1(c)-(d) - Homologous series and functional groups
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4.1.1(e) - Structural isomerism
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4.1.1(f)-(i) - Covalent fission, radicals and curly arrows
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4.1.2(a)-(c) - Alkane structure, shape and physical properties
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4.1.2(d)-(e) - Combustion and low reactivity of alkanes
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4.1.2(f)-(g) - Radical substitution of alkanes
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4.1.3(a)-(b), 4.1.3(e) - Alkene bonding, shape and reactivity
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4.1.3(c)-(d) - Stereoisomerism in alkenes
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4.1.3(f)-(i) - Addition reactions and electrophilic addition
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4.1.3(j)-(l) - Addition polymers and polymer sustainability
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4.2 - Alcohols, haloalkanes and analysis
4.2.1(a)-(b) - Alcohol properties, classification and combustion
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4.2.1(c) - Oxidation of alcohols
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4.2.1(d)-(e) - Elimination and substitution of alcohols
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4.2.2(a)-(d) - Haloalkanes and nucleophilic substitution
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4.2.2(e) - Organohalogens and ozone depletion
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4.2.3(a) - Organic liquid preparation and purification
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4.2.3(b)-(c) - Two-stage organic synthesis
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4.2.4(a)-(b), 4.2.4(e) - IR absorption, greenhouse gases and uses
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4.2.4(c)-(d) - IR spectrum interpretation
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4.2.4(f)-(g) - Organic mass spectrometry
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4.2.4(h) - Combined organic analysis
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Physical chemistry and transition elements
5.1 - Rates, equilibrium and pH
5.1.1(a)-(c) - Rate equations, orders and rate constants
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5.1.1(d)-(g) - Concentration-time and rate-concentration graphs
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5.1.1(h) - Initial rates, continuous monitoring and colorimetry
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5.1.1(i) - Rate-determining step
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5.1.1(j)-(k) - Arrhenius equation and temperature effects
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5.1.2(a)-(c) - Equilibrium amounts and partial pressures
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5.1.2(d)-(e) - Kc and Kp expressions, calculations and units
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5.1.2(f)-(h) - Equilibrium constants and position of equilibrium
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5.1.3(a)-(c) - Brønsted–Lowry acids, bases and Ka
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5.1.3(d)-(f) - pH, Kw and strong acid-base calculations
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5.1.3(g)-(h) - Weak acid pH calculations and approximations
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5.1.3(i)-(m) - Buffer solutions and blood pH
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5.1.3(n)-(o) - pH titration curves, indicators and pH meters
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5.2 - Energy
5.2.1(a)-(b) - Lattice enthalpy and Born-Haber cycles
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5.2.1(c)-(e) - Solution, hydration enthalpy and ionic models
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5.2.2(a)-(c) - Entropy and entropy change
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5.2.2(d)-(f) - Free energy, feasibility and kinetic limits
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5.2.3(a)-(c) - Redox agents, half-equations and predictions
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5.2.3(d)-(e) - Redox titrations
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5.2.3(f)-(i) - Electrode potentials and feasibility
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5.2.3(j)-(k) - Storage cells and fuel cells
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5.3 - Transition elements
5.3.1(a)-(c) - Transition element properties
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5.3.1(d)-(e) - Ligands, complex ions and coordination number
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5.3.1(f)-(g) - Transition metal stereoisomerism and cisplatin
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5.3.1(h)-(i) - Ligand substitution and haemoglobin
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5.3.1(j) - Transition metal precipitation reactions
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5.3.1(k)-(l) - Transition metal redox and unfamiliar reactions
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5.3.2 - Transition metal qualitative analysis
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Organic chemistry and analysis
6.1 - Aromatic compounds, carbonyls and acids
6.1.1(a)-(c) - Benzene models, evidence and aromatic nomenclature
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6.1.1(d)-(g) - Electrophilic substitution of aromatic compounds
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6.1.1(h)-(j) - Phenols, acidity and electrophilic substitution
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6.1.1(k)-(l) - Directing effects in aromatic synthesis
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6.1.2(a)-(c) - Carbonyl reactions and nucleophilic addition
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6.1.2(d)-(e) - Carbonyl identification tests
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6.1.3(a)-(b) - Carboxylic acid properties and reactions
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6.1.3(c)-(d) - Esterification and ester hydrolysis
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6.1.3(e)-(f) - Acyl chlorides in synthesis
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6.2 - Nitrogen compounds, polymers and synthesis
6.2.1 - Basicity and preparation of amines
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6.2.2(a)-(b) - Amino acids and amides
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6.2.2(c)-(d) - Chirality and optical isomerism
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6.2.3 - Polyesters, polyamides and condensation polymers
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6.2.4 - Carbon-carbon bond formation
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6.2.5(a) - Organic solid preparation and purification
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6.2.5(b)-(c) - Multistage organic synthesis
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6.3 - Analysis
6.3.1(a)-(b) - Chromatography
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6.3.1(c) - Organic functional group tests
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6.3.2(a) - Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy
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6.3.2(b) - Proton NMR spectroscopy
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6.3.2(c)-(d) - Predicting NMR spectra and running NMR
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6.3.2(e) - Combined spectroscopic structure deduction
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