Roadmap
3.1 - Physical chemistry
3.1.1 - Atomic structure
3.1.1.1 - Fundamental Particles
3.1.1.2 - Mass Number and Isotopes
3.1.1.3 - Electron Configuration
3.1.2 - Amount of substance
3.1.2.1 - Relative Atomic and Molecular Mass
3.1.2.2 - The Mole and the Avogadro Constant
3.1.2.3 - The Ideal Gas Equation
3.1.2.4 - Empirical and Molecular Formula
3.1.2.5 - Balanced Equations and Associated Calculations
Required practical 1 - Standard Solutions and Acid-Base Titration
3.1.3 - Bonding
3.1.3.1 - Ionic Bonding
3.1.3.2 - Covalent and Dative Bonding
3.1.3.3 - Metallic Bonding
3.1.3.4 - Bonding and Physical Properties
3.1.3.5 - Shapes of Molecules and Ions
3.1.3.6 - Bond Polarity
3.1.3.7 - Forces Between Molecules
3.1.4 - Energetics
3.1.4.1 - Enthalpy Change
3.1.4.2 - Calorimetry
Required practical 2 - Calorimetry and Enthalpy Changes
3.1.4.3 - Applications of Hess's Law
3.1.4.4 - Bond Enthalpies
3.1.5 - Kinetics
3.1.5.1 - Collision Theory
3.1.5.2 - Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
3.1.5.3 - Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
Required practical 3 - Temperature and Reaction Rate
3.1.5.4 - Effect of Concentration and Pressure
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3.1.5.5 - Catalysts
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3.1.6 - Chemical equilibria, Le Chatelier's principle and Kc
3.1.6.1 - Chemical Equilibria and Le Chatelier's Principle
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3.1.6.2 - Equilibrium Constant Kc
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3.1.7 - Oxidation, reduction and redox equations
3.1.7 - Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations
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3.1.8 - Thermodynamics
3.1.8.1 - Born-Haber Cycles
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3.1.8.2 - Entropy and Gibbs Free Energy
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3.1.9 - Rate equations
3.1.9.1 - Rate Equations
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3.1.9.2 - Determination of Rate Equation
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Required practical 7 - Initial Rates and Continuous Monitoring
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3.1.10 - Equilibrium constant Kp for homogeneous systems
3.1.10 - Equilibrium Constant Kp for Homogeneous Systems
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3.1.11 - Electrode potentials and electrochemical cells
3.1.11.1 - Electrode Potentials and Cells
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Required practical 8 - Electrochemical Cell EMF
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3.1.11.2 - Commercial Applications of Electrochemical Cells
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3.1.12 - Acids and bases
3.1.12.1 - Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Equilibria
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3.1.12.2 - Definition and Determination of pH
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3.1.12.3 - The Ionic Product of Water, Kw
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3.1.12.4 - Weak Acids, Bases and Ka
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3.1.12.5 - pH Curves, Titrations and Indicators
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Required practical 9 - Acid-Base Titration Curves
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3.1.12.6 - Buffer Action
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3.2 - Inorganic chemistry
3.2.1 - Periodicity
3.2.1.1 - Periodic Table Blocks
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3.2.1.2 - Physical Properties of Period 3 Elements
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3.2.2 - Group 2, the alkaline earth metals
3.2.2 - Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals
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3.2.3 - Group 7(17), the halogens
3.2.3.1 - Trends in Properties (Halogens)
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3.2.3.2 - Uses of Chlorine and Chlorate(I)
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Required practical 4 - Ion Identification Tests
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3.2.4 - Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides
3.2.4 - Properties of Period 3 Elements and Their Oxides
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3.2.5 - Transition metals
3.2.5.1 - General Properties of Transition Metals
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3.2.5.2 - Substitution Reactions
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3.2.5.3 - Shapes of Complex Ions
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3.2.5.4 - Formation of Coloured Ions
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3.2.5.5 - Variable Oxidation States
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3.2.5.6 - Catalysts (Transition Metals)
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3.2.6 - Reactions of ions in aqueous solution
3.2.6 - Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution
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Required practical 11 - Transition-Metal Ion Tests
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3.3 - Organic chemistry
3.3.1 - Introduction to organic chemistry
3.3.1.1 - Nomenclature
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3.3.1.2 - Reaction Mechanisms
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3.3.1.3 - Isomerism
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3.3.2 - Alkanes
3.3.2.1 - Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil
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3.3.2.2 - Modification of Alkanes by Cracking
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3.3.2.3 - Combustion of Alkanes
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3.3.2.4 - Chlorination of Alkanes
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3.3.3 - Halogenoalkanes
3.3.3.1 - Nucleophilic Substitution
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3.3.3.2 - Elimination (Halogenoalkanes)
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3.3.3.3 - Ozone Depletion
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3.3.4 - Alkenes
3.3.4.1 - Structure, Bonding and Reactivity (Alkenes)
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3.3.4.2 - Addition Reactions of Alkenes
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3.3.4.3 - Addition Polymers
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3.3.5 - Alcohols
3.3.5.1 - Alcohol Production
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3.3.5.2 - Oxidation of Alcohols
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3.3.5.3 - Elimination (Alcohols)
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Required practical 5 - Cyclohexene Preparation and Distillation
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3.3.6 - Organic analysis
3.3.6.1 - Test-Tube Tests for Functional Groups
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Required practical 6 - Organic Functional-Group Tests
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3.3.6.2 - Mass Spectrometry
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3.3.6.3 - Infrared Spectroscopy
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3.3.7 - Optical isomerism
3.3.7 - Optical Isomerism
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3.3.8 - Aldehydes and ketones
3.3.8 - Aldehydes and Ketones
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3.3.9 - Carboxylic acids and derivatives
3.3.9.1 - Carboxylic Acids and Esters
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3.3.9.2 - Acylation
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Required practical 10 - Organic Purification and Purity
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3.3.10 - Aromatic chemistry
3.3.10.1 - Benzene Bonding and Stability
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3.3.10.2 - Electrophilic Substitution
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3.3.11 - Amines
3.3.11.1 - Preparation of Amines
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3.3.11.2 - Amines as Bases
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3.3.11.3 - Nucleophilic Properties (Amines)
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3.3.12 - Polymers
3.3.12.1 - Condensation Polymers
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3.3.12.2 - Biodegradability and Disposal of Polymers
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3.3.13 - Amino acids, proteins and DNA
3.3.13.1 - Amino Acids
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3.3.13.2 - Proteins
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3.3.13.3 - Enzymes
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3.3.13.4 - DNA
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3.3.13.5 - Action of Anticancer Drugs
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3.3.14 - Organic synthesis
3.3.14 - Organic Synthesis
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3.3.15 - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
3.3.15 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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3.3.16 - Chromatography
3.3.16 - Chromatography
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Required practical 12 - Thin-Layer Chromatography
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