Roadmap
1 Lifestyle, Health and Risk
Transport and the heart
1.1 - Why animals need mass transport
1.2 - Water as a transport solvent
1.3 - Arteries, veins and capillaries
1.4 - The heart and cardiac cycle
Cardiovascular disease and evidence
1.5 - Atherosclerosis and blood pressure
1.6 - Clotting and cardiovascular disease
1.7, 1.10 - Risk factors and perceived risk
1.8 - Interpreting health-risk data
1.9 - Evaluating health-risk studies
Diet, molecules and prevention
1.11 - Diet and energy budgets
1.12, 1.13 - Carbohydrates and glycosidic bonds
1.14 - Triglycerides and fatty acids
1.15 - Cholesterol evidence and lipoproteins
1.16 - Reducing coronary heart disease risk
1.17, Core practical 1 - Caffeine, Daphnia and research ethics
Core practical 2 - Vitamin C in food and drink
1.18 - Benefits and risks of CVD treatments
2 Genes and Health
Exchange surfaces and membranes
2.1 - Gas exchange and Fick's law
2.2 - Membranes and the fluid mosaic model
Core practical 3 - Investigating membrane permeability
2.3 - Osmosis and free water molecules
2.4 - Passive and active membrane transport
Genes, proteins and enzymes
2.5 - Nucleotides, DNA and RNA
2.7, 2.8 - Genes and the genetic code
2.6 - Transcription and translation
2.9(i), 2.9(ii) - Amino acids and peptide bonds
2.9(iii), 2.9(iv) - Protein folding, haemoglobin and collagen
2.10 - Enzymes and activation energy
Core practical 4 - Enzyme concentration and initial rates
Inheritance and genetic health
2.11 - DNA replication and experimental evidence
2.12, 2.14 - Mutations and cystic fibrosis
2.13 - Monohybrid inheritance and pedigrees
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A.1.9 - Chi-squared and inherited ratios
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2.15, 2.16 - Genetic screening and ethical choices
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3 Voice of the Genome
Cell organisation and microscopy
3.1, 3.2 - Cells and eukaryotic ultrastructure
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3.3 - The secretory pathway
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3.4 - Prokaryotic cell ultrastructure
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3.5 - Recognising organelles and measuring cells
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Division, development and gene expression
3.6, 3.7 - Gametes and mammalian fertilisation
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3.8 - Gene loci, linkage and sex linkage
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3.9 - Meiosis and genetic variation
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3.10 - Mitosis and the cell cycle
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Core practical 5 - Root-tip squash and mitosis
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3.11 - Stem cells and medical decisions
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3.12, 3.13 - Differential gene expression and organisation
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Variation and quantitative evidence
3.14, 3.15 - Genotype, epigenetics and continuous variation
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A.1.6, A.1.10, A.1.11 - Variation, standard deviation and uncertainty
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4 Biodiversity and Natural Resources
Biodiversity, adaptation and classification
4.1, 4.2 - Biodiversity, endemism and diversity indices
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4.3, 4.4 - Niches, adaptations and natural selection
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4.5 - Hardy-Weinberg and reproductive isolation
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4.6 - Classification and molecular phylogeny
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Plants, tissues and natural materials
4.7, 4.8 - Plant cells and electron micrographs
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4.9 - Starch, cellulose and microfibrils
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4.10, 4.11 - Xylem, phloem and plant support
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Core practical 6 - Identifying tissues in stems
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4.12, Core practical 7 - Water, minerals and deficiency investigations
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Core practical 8 - Tensile strength of plant fibres
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Natural products and conservation
4.13 - How medicines are tested
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4.14 - Bacterial growth and logarithmic scales
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Core practical 9 - Antimicrobial plant extracts and asepsis
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4.15 - Plant materials and sustainability
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4.16 - Conservation in zoos and seed banks
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5 On the Wild Side
Ecology and field evidence
5.1, 5.2 - Ecosystems and distribution factors
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5.3, Core practical 10 - Niches, quadrats and transects
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A.1.9 - Correlation in ecological data
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5.4 - Succession and climax communities
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Photosynthesis and ecosystem energy
5.5, 5.6 - Photosynthesis and ATP
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5.7, 5.9 - Chloroplasts and light-dependent reactions
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5.8 - The Calvin cycle and biosynthesis
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Core practical 11 - The Hill reaction in isolated chloroplasts
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5.10, 5.11 - Productivity and trophic transfers
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Climate, evolution and stewardship
5.12 - Evidence for climate change
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5.13 - Greenhouse gases and human climate change
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5.14 - Climate models and predictions
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5.15, Core practical 13 - Temperature, development and life cycles
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5.16, Core practical 12 - Temperature, enzyme rate and Q10
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A.1.9 - Student's t-test in biological investigations
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5.17, 5.19 - Mutation, selection and speciation
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5.18, 5.20 - Evaluating evidence and scientific conclusions
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5.21, 5.22 - The carbon cycle and sustainable management
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6 Immunity, Infection and Forensics
Forensics and molecular methods
6.1 - Estimating time of death
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6.2 - Decomposition and carbon recycling
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6.3, Core practical 14 - DNA profiling and gel electrophoresis
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6.4 - Amplifying DNA with PCR
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6.10 - Alternative splicing and protein diversity
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Pathogens and immune responses
6.5 - Comparing bacteria and viruses
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6.6 - Tuberculosis and HIV infection
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6.7, 6.11 - Barriers and non-specific defences
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6.8, 6.9 - Antibodies, B cells and T cells
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6.12 - Active and passive immunity
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Antimicrobials and infection control
6.13 - The evolutionary race between hosts and pathogens
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6.14, Core practical 15 - Antibiotics and bacterial inhibition
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6.15 - Hospital infections and antibiotic stewardship
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7 Run for your Life
Movement and respiration
7.1 - Muscles, bones and antagonistic movement
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7.10 - Muscle fibres and performance
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7.2 - The sliding filament mechanism
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7.3 - Aerobic respiration and energy transfer
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7.4, 7.7 - Glycolysis, lactate and recovery
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7.5 - The link reaction and Krebs cycle
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7.6 - Oxidative phosphorylation
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Core practical 16 - Measuring respiration rates
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Exercise regulation and evidence
7.8 - Cardiac electrical control and ECGs
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7.9 - Cardiac output and ventilation control
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Core practical 17 - Exercise and spirometer traces
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7.11, 7.12 - Feedback, homeostasis and thermoregulation
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7.13 - Exercise dose and health evidence
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7.14 - Technology, injury and sport
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7.15 - Ethics of performance-enhancing substances
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7.16 - Hormones and transcription factors
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8 Grey Matter
Neural signalling and responses
8.1, 8.2 - Neurones, reflexes and pupil responses
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8.3 - Action potentials and saltatory conduction
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8.4 - Synapses and acetylcholine
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8.5 - Rods, light and retinal signalling
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8.6 - Phytochrome, IAA and plant responses
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8.7 - Nervous and hormonal coordination
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Brain development and learning
8.8, 8.9 - Brain regions and medical imaging
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8.10, 8.11 - Critical periods and visual development
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8.12 - Ethical standpoints in animal research
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8.13, Core practical 18 - Habituation and repeated-stimulus investigations
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8.19 - Nature, nurture and brain evidence
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Neurochemistry, genomes and applications
8.14, 8.15 - Neurochemistry and drugs at synapses
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8.16 - Genome sequencing and personalised medicine
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8.17, 8.18 - GM organisms, medicines and decisions
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Paper 3 - Reading scientific articles and synoptic evidence
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